夸克芝士风味发酵乳的制备

以全脂牛乳、白砂糖和夸克芝士为主要配方,酸度和感官评价为检测指标,通过单因素试验并用响应面试验优化,确定夸克风味发酵乳的最佳配方工艺条件。结果表明,在白砂糖添加量为8.0%,夸克芝士添加量为6.0%,发酵剂接种量为1.0%,发酵温度43 ℃,发酵时间5.5 h时,夸克风味发酵乳口感最佳。在此优化条件下,成品感官评分为90.21 分,酸度为78.2 °T,产品组织状态细腻,质构均匀,酸甜适中,口感嫩滑,且具有夸克芝士特有的风味。     

清园措施对核桃黑斑病田间防控效果分析

通过物理清园、综合清园和二次综合清园措施,观测核桃黑斑病防控效果,发现清园可降低病害侵染程度,实行冬春两次综合清园更有利于杀灭越冬病原菌,降低病害侵染程度,防控效果更好。     

植物免疫诱抗剂的作用机理和应用研究进展

植物免疫诱抗剂除了能诱导植物免疫反应以使植物获得或提高对病菌的抗性外,也可以激发植物体内代谢调控过程,促进植物生长,增加作物产量。植物免疫诱抗剂可以诱导植物产生系统获得抗性以使植物对病原菌产生广泛、长期的抗性。本综述全面、系统地介绍了植物免疫诱抗剂的种类及其目前在生产、病害防治上的应用状况,阐述了其作用机理,并展望了植物免疫诱抗剂的应用前景。通过对植物免疫诱抗剂发展历史和应用现状的分析,旨在为植物免疫诱抗剂未来的开发和应用提供一定的理论和实践依据。     

11个葡萄品种在乐山地区的花芽分化规律

研究了11个葡萄品种3年生树在四川乐山地区避雨栽培条件下的花芽分化表现。结果表明,结果母枝的花芽分化率,魏可、维多利亚、黑芭拉多、金手指、金优2号和巨玫瑰6个品种的都高于50%,较易形成花芽;户太8号、巨峰、夏黑的在43%~48%;美人指和红指较难形成花芽。结果母枝不同节位的花芽分化率,多数品种在第3节位≥50%;结果枝上花穗着生节位在第3.8~4.9节,其中双花率以巨玫瑰、巨峰和户太8号较高,分别为83.45%、73.61%和73.06%。以结果母枝的花芽分化率≥50%节位作为冬剪的最低节位,则金优2号、户太8号、巨玫瑰、金手指、维多利亚5个品种在第3~4节,黑芭拉多和巨峰2个品种在第2~3节,魏可在1~2节。夏黑表现花芽分化率较低,为43.33%,可能与夏黑不耐弱光有关,设施栽培时应加强透光性。     

基于文献分析的中国当代竹刻研究评述

通过检索相关文献,分析了1959以来中国有关竹刻的研究现状。结果表明,中国的竹刻研究呈现明显的阶段性、地域性,在研究涉及的领域和具体内容上存在着局限性。在文献分析的基础上,提出了今后竹刻研究的重点方向,即通过与心理学、传播学、教育学、社会学等学科结合,多层面、多方向、多角度展示中国竹刻工艺。     

Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

西南地区油菜品种根肿病抗性及布局分析

为明确西南地区主栽油菜品种根肿病抗性,以期为合理品种布局提供依据,降低根肿病的危害和损失。结合病圃根肿病菌生理小种鉴定,在四川安县、大邑、广汉三地区,采用病圃自然发病法,对80个油菜品种进行根肿病抗性评价,并对22个品种连续3年进行抗性跟踪。结果表明：三地区病圃根肿菌为存在基因型分化的4号生理小种;供试油菜品种中无免疫根肿病品种,安县、大邑、广汉三地感病品种分别占比88.75%、83.75%、87.50%,其中55个品种在三地区均表现感病,即不适宜在根肿病菌为4号生理小种区域种植;抗性跟踪评价显示不同品种的抗性稳定性存在差异。‘浙油50’、‘油罐罐’适宜安县地区种植,‘黄金荚’、‘金油858’、‘油研9号’、‘种都油998’和‘渝黄4号’适宜大邑地区种植,‘志远油8号’适宜广汉地区种植。‘绵丰油5号’、‘德名油1号’表现抗性丧失趋势;‘丰油精’、‘高油48’抗性不稳定;‘矮架早’抗性完全丧失。     

中国竹类多样性及其重要价值

竹类属于禾本科Gramineae（Poaceae）、竹亚科Bambusoideae植物，全世界约1 500多种。中国竹类的自然分布广阔，横跨热带、亚热带和温带地区，涵盖包括台湾、香港在内的21个有竹子分布的省、自治区、直辖市和特区。中国是世界上竹类多样性最丰富的国家，也是世界上栽培竹类最丰富的国家，共有竹类植物753种（含22种引进种），约占世界总数的50%以上。同时，中国竹类在起源、遗传进化、内部构造、生态及林型等方面均具有十分丰富的多样性。中国竹类从宏观到微观所展现出的多样性特质，是大自然留给人类的宝贵遗产，对于人类认识自然、保护自然、从而更好的利用竹类资源服务于人类的长远利益，具有重要价值。文章从起源、生态、林型、物种、形态、遗传等方面概述了中国竹类的多样性，为进一步探讨竹类多样性提供基础信息。